4.2.3. Bioreactors

It is a large fermentation chamber for growing organisms (bacteria or yeast) that are used in the biotechnological production of substances such as pharmaceuticals. It is also used for the conversion of harmful waste to less harmful substances. This technique is used to remediate contaminated soil and water with fuel hydrocarbons and organics. Bioreactor has two phases (dry and slurry). The slurry phase bioremediation is a relatively more rapid process compared to the dry phase. In a slurry phase bioreactor, contaminated soil is combined with water and other additives in a large chamber. In contrast to slurry phase, dry phase bioreactor does not include extra water. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are given in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3. Advantages and disadvantages of bioreactor technique.