5.4.2. Eukaryotic microorganisms

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic ones by their more complex structure: they possess well developed nucleus.

The process of gene transfer in these microorganisms (yeasts and filamentous fungi) is also different from those already described for bacteria.

Natural cell hybridization and genetic recombination take place mainly within species possessing sexual or parasexual cell cycles. These events proceed in eukaryotic cells with sexual reproduction through mating, meiosis and sporulation. A gene transfer in microorganisms with parasexual life cycle and anastomosis, nuclear fusion and haploidization by gradual loss of chromosomes takes place. In certain genera interspecific hybridization can also occur between closely related species.

The transfer of synthetic genes from yeast to mammalian cells has been done using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). They have an excellent potential as vectors in gene therapy.